The california bearing ratio test cbr test is a penetration test developed by california state highway department u. The insitu bulk and dry densities of the soil mgm3, are expressed to the nearest 0. There is a shutter between the cylinder and the cone. Density test for determining the percent of maximum density. Optimum moisture content omc the moisture content of a soil at which a speci. Measure bulk density near between 1 and 2 feet the site of the respiration and infiltration tests. Compact material to at least 95 percent of the maximum dry density with moisture content no less than 4. The moisture content is likely to vary from time and hence the field density also.
Gravimetric water content report gravimetric water content on oven dry basis to the nearest 0. Fdt is a part of insitu soil testing which is a broad subject of geotechnical engineering. What is the difference between standard proctor test and. Simpson, research forest products technologist forest products laboratory, madison, wisconsin introduction knowledge about the density of wood is useful for estimating shipping weights. The density of wood depends on specific gravity and moisture content.
Maximum dry density an overview sciencedirect topics. All index properties are essentially ratios of masses and volumes. This test should be run while the contractor is compacting the soil layer to be tested. Standard test method for density and unit weight of soil. The maximum dry density, optimum moisture content and california bearing ratio cbr of granular soils compacted by standard and modified proctor test are compared. Dry density of soil compaction test by core cutter method and calculations road construction civil. A moisture density plot resulting from a standard lab compaction test of the same soil can also be superimposed on the same moisture density graph, as illustrated. The same procedure from 18 is repeated by increasing the water content in the soil by 2 to 3%.
Another expression for calculating dry density while doing the compaction test is as below. If the test sample dries past the ssd condition, immerse the sample in water for 30 minutes and resume the process of surfacedrying. This test is done to determine the maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content of soil using heavy compaction as per is. Precautions in performing the density inplace nuclear test 52 e. Field determination of maximum dry density and optimum. The apparatus used in this field density test consists of a sand pouring cylinder, with pouring cone at its base. Specific gravity, moisture content, and density relationship for wood william t. It is represented by to obtain relationship between the moisture content and dry density, multiply the numerator and denominator of expression of dry density with. A soils optimum moisture content is usually lower when compacted to modified proctor versus standard proc.
The correction is independent of dry density and adjusts the apparent moisture to true moisture regardless of dry density. Dry density of soil by core cutter method for soil compaction. Balance a balance or scale of capacity not less than 3 kg, readable and accurate to o5 g and of such a type and shape as. Standard test method for density and unit weight of soil by. Dry bulk density calculations dry bulk density is defined as the mass weight of the dry solids divided by the total volume of the wet sample. For good results, the sand used should be uniform, dry and clean passing a 1. Fdt which is acronym of field density test is a quality control test carried out at site for knowing the increased density or compaction achieved at site on the soil layer. As shown in fig 1, a soil that is compacted uniformly in construction will only compact along the field moisture density relations generated by compactor a with a soillift combination. Determination of water contentdry density relation using. This weight of sand must be deducted from the total weight of sand used in the test in order to determine the. Arizona test method 245, shall be used to determine the maximum dry density. Determination of dry density of soils inplace by the corecutter method number of amendments.
The following observations can be made from a typical compaction test. The relationship between dry density and moisture content for a given degree of compactive effort. Standard proctor test, proctor compaction test, water content, dry density, mdd, omc. The scope of the standard proctor compaction test is to determine the. The corecutter method covered by this part is suitable for finegrained soils free from aggregations. From the bulk density the dry density can be determined for the water content used w.
Maximum dry density of soil and optimum moisture content test. Density unit weight as used in this standard means the same as bulk density of soil as defined by the soil science society of america. Summary of method the test consists of the following steps which are explained in the test procedure. Soil moisture content dry density relationship in compaction of soils, the main aim is to keep the soil particles close together which leads to improve dry density of soil. This omc value is with respect to the specific amount of compaction energy applied on the soil. Test specimens of each cementtreated mixture were molded to near standard and modified proctor density, moist cured 7 or 28 days, and then immersed in water for 24 hour before being tested for unconfined compressive strength. The apparatus used is i cylindrical metal mould it should be either of 100mm dia.
The variation of the dry density with fluidtobinder fb ratio is shown in figure 15. The procedure for carrying out the standard proctor test are as follows. By conducting this test it is possible to determine the field density of the soil. The details included in this test method are for use with the standard proctor test. If pr4 is less than or equal to 50% 60% for aggregate base, blend material passing the no. Usually we calculate bulk density of soil by finding out the weight of soil per unit volume. Fdt is a insitu density test of soil that is used in various types of construction works like highways, dam construction, embankment filling, and backfilling in order to access the quality of density achieved at site.
It has strong cohesion attraction between particles and is commonly called a cohesive soil. Based on the results of nine soil samples using standard proctor compaction test, the maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content. Sep 02, 20 dry density of soil compaction test by core cutter method and calculations road construction civil. The maximum dry density and the optimum water content of the untreated msw. A small sample of the material is prepared, weighed and placed into the vessel. As we know that moisture content of the soil vary from time to time and hence the field density also, so we are required to report the test result in terms of dry density. Determination of dry density of soils, inplace, by the sand replacement method.
The soil with maximum dry density is suitable for the several constructional purposes. Standard proctor test procedure apparatus calculation. Standard test methods for laboratory determination of density. Plasticity, compaction, and unconfined compressive strength qu 38 decrease in the maximum dry density. Dry density of soil is defined as the ratio of mass of solids to the total volume of the soil. Determination of dry density of soil by sand replacement method. Specific gravity, moisture content, and density relationship.
Each test will provide a different set of values of water content and dry density of soil. Cylindrical core cutters of mm long and 100mm diameter are used for testing the insitu compaction of cohesive and clay soils placed as fill. Maximum dry density of soil is determined in the laboratory with the help of standard proctor test standardized by astm d698 and aashto t99. Determination of water content dry density relation using heavy compaction number of amendments. Comparison of heavy and light compaction characteristics for all soil samples. Soil sample mdd ratio lightheavy omc ratio heavylight cbr ratio lightheavy. Core cutter test is performed to evaluate the insitu dry density of soil. This test is done to determine the maximum dry density and the optimum. The inplace density of soil is needed for stability analysis, for the determination of the degree of compaction of compacted soil, etc. Field density test of soil by sand replacement method. The dry density of the sample obtained as a result is divided by the proctor test result i. Determine the maximum dry density and the optimum moisture. The relationship that can be established between the dry density with known moisture content is as follows. An improved california bearing ratio test procedure.
For coarsegrained soils with an existing dry density lower than the maximum dry density, vibrations will result in the rearrangement of the soil grains. The optimum moisture content omc or optimum water content owc is the moisture content at which the soil attains maximum dry density. Core cutter test dry density of soil by core cutter method. To get the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content, standard proctors compaction test was conducted on fresh geopolymer mortar. Soil moisture content 3 procedure for finegrained soils 1. Interpetation of test results official portal of ukm. In order to determine the dry density we must have to examine the moisture content in the soil by using general method.
Field density test fdt 7 methods and their comparison. An example of a completed test calculation is given in form 6. When particle density, that is, specific gravity test methods d854 is also known, dry density can be used to calculate porosity and void ratio see appendix x1. Field testing of soil, granular soil, and coarse aggregate the procedures for determining the maximum dry density, optimum moisture content, inplace density, inplace strength, and moisture content of soils, granular soil, and coarse aggregates in the field will be as follows. An overall conclusion to be drawn is that the dry density v moisture content relationship obtained for a soil from a laboratory test is not property of a soil. Soils field testing compute and record dry density to nearest 0. So it is required to report the test result in terms of dry density.
Select a representative quantity of moist soil in the amount specified by a test. Soils field testing north dakota department of transportation. Aug 30, 2018 fdt is an acronym for field density test. Take a representative sample of air dried soil of about 5 kg soil not susceptible to. Fdt like many other tests on soil in civil engineering is a quality control tests.
Determining the wet density determining the moisture content calculating the dry density. Astm d7382 08 standard test methods for determination of. Dry density, mdd, omcproctor test graph, proctor test procedure pdf, soil compaction, proctor test, proctor. Bulk density test the bulk density measurement should be performed at the soil surface andor in a compacted zone plow pan, etc. By using core cutter method, bulk density of soil can be quickly calculated and by determining the moisture content of the soil the dry density of the fill can be calculated and hence the voids percentage.
This test establishes the maximum obtainable dry density and optimum moisture content for particular embankment material. So this read explains in depth, the significance, background, apparatus and procedure of the standard proctor test. Normal soil consists of solids, water moisture and air. Maximum dry density the dry density obtained using a speci. To get a more representative bulk density measurement of the area, additional samples may. The following equations are used for the determination of the moisture content, wet density, and dry density of a soil sample. The cylinder is first calibrated to determine the unit weight of sand. The dry density should be calculated using the expression as below, here. Legally binding document step out from the old to the newjawaharlal nehru invent a new india using knowledge. The other options include ssd, ie staurated surface dry which means as wet as it can be by soaking in cold water, boiled which is one step further and vacuum saturated. A modified compaction test aashto t 180 will yield 10 to 15. Typical maximum density and optimum moisture that can be expected as the result of a standard compaction test aashto t 99 are given below table 5.
In the case of tertiary clay, the maximum dry density due to fly ash addition decreased. The maximum dry density and optimum moisture content, as defined below, is. The fluid media to prepare the mortar was water and various alkaline solutions of different molarities for comparison. An advantage of the cpt method of assessment is that a continuous profile of. This value can be used for all future tests on the same soil type. This test method describes the procedure for determining the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content for a soil by the proctor. The curve is a function of the mode and quantity of energy and the soil characteristics. The field density, line h, is in total wet density units. Optimum water contents range between 10% and 20% with a maximum range of 540%. Density is a ratio expressed by the formula dw v or density equals the weight of material divided by the volume it occupies. The method of determining the control density is described in section 5. Penetration test the cbr of a material is obtained for the dry and the soaked condition. Test results show that the optimum moisture content for maximum density and the optimum.
485 505 858 569 563 1 84 678 725 530 1294 1127 1498 812 767 238 1128 128 66 1200 592 1207 1386 1055 1480 754 1355 445 380 1382 55 733 838 3 413 1 1487 791 1281 1117 199 565 149 766 675 1164 641 975